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ΗΔΗΛΩΣΙΣΤΩΝΛΟΓΩΝΣΟΥΦΩΤΙΕΙ ~ LXX, ψαλμος 118:130

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Review and Addenda

• Review Lecture Notes on Present Adverbial Participles from last chapter

Aorist Adverbial Participles

• Indicates Undefined or Simple aspect
  • Participles have no absolute time element, since they are not Indicative.
  • Participles do have relative time, i.e. their action is relative to the action of the main verb (28.17)
    • Participles are syntactical servants, and as such they submit to the tense of the main verb
    • Aorist Participle is called “aorist” because it is built on the Aorist Tense stem, not because of any time element
  • Hence, in translation, Aspect must be the first and foremost consideration
  • Whereas Present participle indicates action that is occurring at the time of the main verb
  • Aorist participle indicates an action that has simply occurred (simple aspect) at the time of the action of the main verb. Simple aspect tells you nothing else except that the action has occurred
  • To help in understanding this, review 28.18
• Translation
  • It is difficult to carry the aspect of the Aorist participle into English using -ing
  • Translate with “after…” e.g. “after he studied, he took the test” (See 28.18)
  • The meaning of the Aorist adverbial participle is always determined by its relationship to the main verb in context.
• Formation - Built upon the (unaugmented) Aorist tense stem
  • the tense stem is unaugmented, since participles do not have absolute time, hence there can be no temporal augment (28.6)
  • There can be confusion between an unaugmented Aorist Tense Stem, and the Present Tense Stem when the augment is a lengthened vowel, or with compound verbs (28.6) The remedy is to know the verbal roots.
• 1st Aorist: Tense stem + Tense Formative σα + Participle morpheme + Case endings (28.5)
  • 1st Aorist Active paradigm (28.7)
    • uses ντ as Participle morpheme
    • 3-1-3 Adjective pattern
    • like πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν
  • 1st Aorist Middle paradigm (28.9)
    • uses μενο/η as Participle morpheme
    • 2-1-2 Adjective pattern
  • 1st Aorist Passive paradigm (28.10)
    • Tense Formative θη which shortens to θε, combined with participle morpheme => θεντ
    • uses ντ as Participle morpheme
    • In the feminine the participle morpheme ντ is replaced by ισα
    • 3-1-3 Adjective Pattern
    • Nominative Masculine Singular: ντ drops out because of the ς, compensatory lengthening of the ε (to compensate for loss of ντ) *θε + ντ + ς => θες => θεις
• 2nd Aorist: Tense stem + Connecting Vowel + Participle morpheme + Case endings (28.11)
  • 2nd Aorist Active paradigm (28.12)
    • uses ντ as Participle morpheme
    • 3-1-3 Adjective Pattern
    • looks like Present Active Particple, except for the stem, e.g. βάλλοντες (Present) cf. βάλοντες (Aorist)
  • 2nd Aorist Middle paradigm (28.13)
    • uses μενο/η as Participle morpheme
    • 2-1-2 Adjective pattern
    • looks like Present Middle/Passive Particple, except for the stem.
  • 2nd Aorist Passive paradigm (28.14)
    • uses ντ as Participle morpheme
    • In the feminine the participle morpheme ντ is replaced by ισα
    • 3-1-3 Adjective Pattern
    • Nominative Masculine Singular: ντ drops out because of the ς, compensatory lengthening of the ε (to compensate for loss of ντ) *ε + ντ + ς => ες => εις
    • occurs relatively rarely

Participles in General

• Present or Aorist, the feminine participles always use 1st declension endings
• Present or Aorist, active participles are 3rd declension in masculine and neuter
• Present middle and passive, and Aorist middle particples are 2nd declension in masculine and neuter
• Aorist passive participles are 3rd declension in masculine and neuter
• Knowing your verbal root is critical for distinguishing Present Active and Middle from 2nd Aorist Active and Middle - Review and work through 28.16
• Note Rules of Accent in paradigms

The Future Particple (28.19)

• describes what is purposed, intended or expected in the future
• occurs only 12 times in NT
• form are obvious

Participle

Morpheme	Tense/Voice	Case Endings
ντ	all Active and Aorist Passive	3-1-3
οτ	Perfect Active	3-1-3
μενο/η	all Middle/Passive and all Middle	2-1-2

Tense and Voice	Redup.	Tense Stem	Tense Form. or Conn. Vowel	Morpheme	Nom. Plural	Six Memory Forms
Present Active	—	Present	ο	ντ / ουσα	λέγοντες	ων, ουσα, ον οντος, ουσης, οντος
Present Middle/Passive	—	Present	ο	μενο / η	λεγόμενοι	ομενος, ομενη, ομενον ομενου, ομενης, ομενου
1st Aorist Active	—	Aorist Active	σα	ντ / σα	λύσαντες	σας, σασα, σαν σαντος, σασης, σαντος
1st Aorist Middle	—	Aorist Active	σα	μενο / η	λυσάμενοι	σαμενος, σαμενη, σαμενον σαμενου, σαμενης, σαμενου
1st Aorist Passive	—	Aorist Passive	θε	ντ	λυθέντες	θεις, θεισα, θεν θεντος, θεισης, θεντος
2nd Aorist Active	—	Aorist Active	ο	ντ	βαλόντες	ων, ουσα, ον οντος, ουσης, οντος
2nd Aorist Middle	—	Aorist Active	ο	μενο / η	γενόμενοι	ομενος, ομενη, ομενον ομενου, ομενης, ομενου
2nd Aorist Passive	—	Aorist Passive	ε	ντ	γραφέντες	εις, εισα, εν εντος, εισης, εντος
Perfect Active	λε	Perfect Active	κ	οτ	λελυκότες	κως, κυια, κος κοτος, κυιας, κοτος
Perfect Middle/Passive	λε	Perfect Midddle/Passive	—	μενο / η	λελυμένοι	μενος, μενη, μενον μενου, μενης, μενου

New Vocabulary

• γραμματεύς – note the -ευς suffix which indicates the responsible person (See Lexical Aids). cf. βασιλεία => βασιλεύς

Video Lectures

Assignments

• Complete workbook exercise 28
• Memorization: Ephesians 5.20 – εὐχαριστοῦντες πάντοτε ὑπὲρ πάντων ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρί.
  
• Prepare for quiz next week on chapter 28 - Aorist Adverbial Participles
  • Know the Master Participle Chart to date
  • All vocabulary
  • Translation from Workbook exercises
  • Memory passage
• Study chapter 29 on Adjectival Participles
• Begin workbook exercise 29 on the same
• Review all 6 principal parts for all verbs to date, also check Lexical Aids, Appendix IV
• Continue your life habit of reading Greek aloud
• Continue taking your Greek NT to church with you, and follow along as you are able

The Lord's Prayer

ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑθθΑΙΟΝ 6.9-13
Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
    ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
    ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
    γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν.

χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη,
Διδάσκαλος Ἀνδρέας