Semester 3, Lecture 10: More about μι-verbs
“χαῖρετε μαθηταί”
Scripture Memory for this week
John 1.17 – ὅτι ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωϋσέως ἐδόθη, ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο.
Review μι-verbs with stem in ο
Quiz on μι-verbs
More about μι-verbs (athematics)
- μι-verbs come in 4 classes: (See Smythe on Conjugation of μι-verbs)
- stems in ο, e.g. δίδωμι (stem δο) – See paradigm in 34.11
- stems in α, e.g. ἵστημι (stem στα)
- stems in ε, e.g. τίθημι (stem θε)
- stems in υ, e.g. δείκνθμι (stem δεικνυ)
- All μι-verbs use the same endings (35.2)
- Like reduplication with ο stems, e.g. δίδωμι so also with stems in α, ε
- στα -» σιστα -» ἵστημι
- θε -» θιθε -» τίθημι
- δείκνυμι does not reduplicate, it behaves more like a thematic verb
- Stem vowels lengthen in the same way for athematics in ο (δίδωμι), α (ἵστημι) and ε (τίθημι)
- both α and ε lengthen to η
- Athematics were becoming obsolete in κοινή which explains the presence of thematic forms such as ἱστάνω(35.4)
- Non-indicative forms of μι-verbs
- Subjunctive (35.5)
- all forms have the contracted ῶ
- Present and Aorist distinguished by the stem only, e.g. δίδω vs. δῶ
- Imperative (35.6)
- No thematic (connecting) vowel, so imperative endings are added directly to the stem
- Infinitive (35.7)
- Same as thematics, except in Present and 2nd Aorist Active where ending is ναι, instead of ειν
- Participle (35.8)
- Basic 2-1-2 pattern, endings are predictable
- Subjunctive (35.5)
- Study athematic paradigms in appendices on BBG pp. 364-381
The Optative Mood (35.9)
- Whereas the Subjunctive is the mood of probability or possibility, the Optative is the mood of wish
- One step more removed from reality (Indicative)
- See Smythe 459, on Suffixes in the Optative
- Tense indicates aspect only (Present = Continuous, Aorist = Simple) – there is no time significance
- Formation of the Optative
- No time significance, therefore no augment
- Connecting vowel is omicron in Present and 2nd Aorist
- As with several other paradigms, the 2nd Aorist is formed like the Present – therefore you must distinguish by the stem
- Tense formative in the Aorist is σα for Active/Middle and θε for Passive, ε for 2nd Aorist Passive
- Mood formative is ι in thematic conjugation, and ιη in athematic
- Uses Secondary personal endings (see BBG p.354)
Master Verb Ending Chart (BBG p.354)
| Voice | Primary Tenses |
Secondary Tenses |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | |||||
| λύ ω | (-) | ἔ λυ ο ν | (ν) | ||
| λύ εις | (ς) | ἔ λυ ε ς | (ς) | ||
| λύ ει | (ι) | ἔ λυ ε(ν) | (-) | ||
| λύ ο μεν | (μεν) | ἐ λύ ο μεν | (μεν) | ||
| λύ ε τε | (τε) | ἐ λύ ε τε | (τε) | ||
| λύ ουσι(ν) | (νσι) | ἐ λυ ο ν | (ν) | ||
| Middle & Passive |
|||||
| λύ ο μαι | (μαι) | ἐ λυ ό μην | (μην) | ||
| λύ ῃ | (σαι) | ἐ λύ ου | (σο) | ||
| λύ ε ται | (ται) | ἐ λύ ε το | (το) | ||
| λυ ό μεθα | (μεθα) | ἐ λυ ό μεθα | (μεθα) | ||
| λύ ε σθε | (σθε) | ἐ λύ ε σθε | (σθε) | ||
| λύ ο νται | (νται) | ἐ λύ ο ντο | (ντο) | ||
- Hence regular patterms occur:
- Present has οι (connecting vowel + mood formative) + endings
- 1st Aorist has σαι and θει (tense formative + mood formative) + endings
- 2nd Aorist Active/Middle is the same the Present
- 2nd Aorist Passive is ει (tense formative + mood formative)
Exegetical Insights
Rom. 11.36 ὅτι ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ δι᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ πάντα· αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, ἀμήν.
The great theological import of 3 small prepositions
New Vocabulary
- ἀφίημι – literally “I hurl from,” is often used “to forgive”, i.e. you throw the offence away from you, e.g. Matt 6.12 – καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
- ἀνίστημι – literally “I stand up” from which the noun ἀναστάσις is derived (resurrection)
- ἴδιος – i.e. private, derivative idiosyncracy
- ἵστημι – is both transitive (Present, Future Aorist) “I make to stand” and intransitive (2nd Aorist, Perfect) “I stand”
- In the present the reduplicated σ drops off
- It is unusual for an athematic in that it does not use a kappa Aorist
- μέσος – derivatives?
- τίθημι from which the noun θέσις “a placing” i.e. a proposition is derived
Scripture Memory for next class
Matt. 6.9 – Οὕτως οὖν προσεύχεσθε ὑμεῖς· Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
Assignments
- Weekly Memorization: Matt. 6.9 – Οὕτως οὖν προσεύχεσθε ὑμεῖς· Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
- Review past passages
- Complete Review #7 on chapters 31-35
- Prepare for quiz next week on chapter 35 – More μι verbs
- Continue your life habit of reading Greek aloud from the Greek New Testament
- Continue taking your Greek NT to church with you, and follow along as you are able
- Try reading the sermon text in advance each week before the Lord’s Day
The Lord’s Prayer
Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου· ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου· γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.
χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη, Διδάσκαλος Ἀνδρέας Ἀέρος :-)
Posted by Διδάσκαλος Ἀνδρέας Ἀέρος and last updated on Feb 05, 2009
