Semester 3, Lecture 4: Adjectival Participles

“χαῖρε μαθηταί”

Scripture Memory for this week

Romans 3.21 – Νυνὶ δὲ χωρὶς νόμου δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ πεφανέρωται μαρτυρουμένη ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν

Review of Aorist Adverbial Participles

  • Indicates Simple or Undefined aspect
    • Time is not absolute, but relative to the action of the main verb
    • Indicates an action that has simply occurred (simple aspect) at the time of the action of the main verb
    • Translate with “after…” e.g. “after studying, he took the test” (See 28.17)
    • All adverbial particples agree with a noun or pronoun, either explicit or implied, but the action of the particple is directed toward the verb
  • Built upon the (unaugmented) Aorist tense stem
    • the tense stem is unaugmented, since participles do not have absolute time, hence there can be no temporal augment
  • 1st Aorist Parts: Tense stem + Tense Formative + Participle morpheme + Case endings (28.4)
    • 1st Aorist Active paradigm (28.6)
      • like πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν
    • 1st Aorist Middle paradigm (28.8)
    • 1st Aorist Passive paradigm (28.9)
  • 2nd Aorist Parts: Tense stem + Connecting Vowel + Participle morpheme + Case endings (28.10)
    • 2nd Aorist Active paradigm (28.11)
      • looks just like Present Active Particple, except for the stem, e.g. βάλλοντες (Present) cf. βάλοντες (Aorist)
    • 2nd Aorist Middle paradigm (28.12)
      • looks just like Present Middle/Passive Particple, except for the stem.
    • 2nd Aorist Passive paradigm (28.13)
    • Knowing your verbal root is critical – Review and work through 28.15
  • Note Rules of Accent in paradigms

Quiz on Chapter 28 – Aorist Adverbial Participles

Adjectival Participles

  • Distinguished from adverbial participles by the presence of the article, since adverbial participles are usually anarthrous.
  • Since participles are verbal adjectives, they can do whatever adjectives can do, e.g. modify nouns or pronouns, or function substantivally
  • Hence Adjectival Partiples are classified as either Attibutive or Substantival
    • Attributive: (29.5,7)
      • modifies a noun or pronoun
      • agrees with what what it modifies in case, number and gender
      • it stands in the attributive position, i.e. it is preceded by the article
      • functions like an adjective
    • Substantival: (29.5,8)
      • functions as a noun, hence there will be no noun for it to modify, e.g. ὁ ἀναγινώσκων – “The reader…”
      • case is determined by its function in the sentence
      • gender is determined by who or what the participle represents
      • behaves like a noun, e.g. can have the article
      • e.g. οἱ πιστεύοντες ἐπροσκυνοῦν – “The believers were praying”
    • whether an adjectival participle is attributive or substantival is determined mainly by context, e.g. does the participle have a word to modify? If not, it must be substantival.
  • Since adjectival participles highlight the adjectival rather than the verbal elements of verbal adjectives, aspect is much less significant than with adverbial participles
  • Review of the grammar of adjectives (Chapter 9)
  • Translation of Adjectival Participles (29.9)
    • Attempting to translate word for word will often not work—you must determine what the Greek says, by actually thinking in Greek, and then say the same thing in English
    • The keywords for translation of adverbial participles, “while,” “after,” and “because,” obviously do not apply in the translation of adjectival participles
    • The use of participles in Greek is very often idiomatic, i.e. “peculiar to a people or to a district, community, or class”
    • Begin with “-ing”
      • e.g. Attributive: ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἄνθρωπος – “the coming man”
    • For Substantival, you will often need to add a phrase like “the one who is”
      • e.g. Substantival: ὁ καταβαίνων – “the one who is coming down”
      • but not always, e.g. ὁ παρακαλῶν – “the encouraging one” or simply “the encourager”
    • 7 questions to ask a particple (p.276)

Master Participle Chart (Mounce p.357)

Morpheme Tense/Voice Case Endings
ντ all Active and Aorist Passive 3-1-3
οτ Perfect Active 3-1-3
μενο/η all Middle/Passive and all Middle 2-1-2
Tense and Voice Redup. Tense
Stem		 Tense Form. or
Conn. Vowel		 Morpheme Nom. Plural Six Memory Forms
 
Present Active — Present ο ντ / ουσα λέγοντες ων, ουσα, ον
οντος, ουσης, οντος
Present Middle/Passive — Present ο μενο / η λεγόμενοι ομενος, ομενη, ομενον
ομενου, ομενης, ομενου
1st Aorist Active — Aorist
Active		 σα ντ / σα λύσαντες σας, σασα, σαν
σαντος, σασης, σαντος
1st Aorist Middle — Aorist
Active		 σα μενο / η λυσάμενοι σαμενος, σαμενη, σαμενον
σαμενου, σαμενης, σαμενου
1st Aorist Passive — Aorist
Passive		 θε ντ λυθέντες θεις, θεισα, θεν
θεντος, θεισης, θεντος
2nd Aorist Active — Aorist
Active		 ο ντ βαλόντες ων, ουσα, ον
οντος, ουσης, οντος
2nd Aorist Middle — Aorist
Active		 ο μενο / η γενόμενοι ομενος, ομενη, ομενον
ομενου, ομενης, ομενου
2nd Aorist Passive — Aorist
Passive		 ε ντ γραφέντες εις, εισα, εν
εντος, εισης, εντος
Perfect Active λε Perfect Active κ οτ λελυκότες κως, κυια, κος
κοτος, κυιας, κοτος
Perfect Middle/Passive λε Perfect Midddle/Passive — μενο / η λελυμένοι μενος, μενη, μενον
μενου, μενης, μενου

Workbook Exercise # 29

New Vocabulary

  • δέχομαι = I take, receive
    • deponent in all forms
  • δοκέω = I think, or I seem
    • Docetism, the heresy which asserts that Christ only seemed to be human
    • δόξα – what you think about someone, or how he seems to be, i.e. his reputation = glory
    • ὀρθοδοξία – orthodoxy (thinking straight)
  • ἐσθίω, φάγομαι, ἔφαγον – 2 roots
    • sarcophagus = σάρξ + φάγος = “flesh eater”
  • φέρω, οἴσω, ἤνεγκα, ἐνηνοχα,—, ἠνέχθην – 3 roots
    • Christopher – Χριστοφόρος = “Christ-bearer”
    • Latin fero is derived from φέρω
      • Conifer = bearing cones
      • Aquifer = holding water
      • Lucifer = Light-bearer
      • Others?

Scripture Memory for next class

Eph. 5.20 – εὐχαριστοῦντες πάντοτε ὑπὲρ πάντων ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρί.

Exegetical Insight

Romans 1.1-4

Παῦλος δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον θεοῦ, ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν γραφαῖς ἁγίαις περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυὶδ κατὰ σάρκα, τοῦ ὁρισθέντος υἱοῦ θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν…

Assignments

  • μακάρια εὐχαρστία! Next class in 2 weeks on 12/4/2008
  • Weekly Memorization: Eph. 5.20
  • Complete workbook exercise 29
  • Prepare for quiz next week on chapter 29 – Adjectival Participles
    • Know the Master Participle Chart
    • All vocabulary
    • Translation from Workbook exercises
    • Any of the memory passages
  • Study chapter 30 on Perfect Participles and Genitive Absolutes
  • Begin workbook exercise 30 on the same
  • Review all 6 principal parts for all verbs to date, also check Lexical Aids, Appendix IV
  • Continue your life habit of reading Greek aloud from the Greek New Testament
  • Continue taking your Greek NT to church with you, and follow along as you are able

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.

χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη,   Διδάσκαλος Ἀνδρέας Ἀέρος     :-)