• Participles have no absolute time element, since they are not Indicative.
• Participles do have relative time, i.e. they derive time from that of the main verb.
• Present Participle is called present because it is built on the Present Tense stem

• Adverbial Particples say something about the action of the main verb
  • Temporal – e.g. “while he was walking…”
  • Causal – e.g. “because he was preoccupied…”
  • ...and other types of adverbial clauses
• Agreement – even adverbial participles must agree with a noun or pronoun in Case, Gender and Number
  • The pronoun may not be explicitly stated, but be implicit in the verb
• Voice of the Participle
  • if active, the noun or pronoun with which the participle agrees does the action, e.g. “while reading the book…”
  • if passive, the noun or pronoun with which the participle agrees receives the action, e.g. “being filled with joy…” (use the English word “being” when translation passive participles)
  • consider voice in your translation, after you have determined aspect
• Adverbial Participles are always anarthrous (no article) – this is often helpful is determining if a participle is being used adverbial or adjectival
• Formation of Present Participle (27.4):
  • Present Tense Stem + Connecting vowel + Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
  • e.g. πιστευ + ο + ντ + ες = πιστεύοντες
  • learn the Six Forms to help in learning all Particple Paradigms (27.6)
• Paradigm of Present Active Participle (27.5, p.377)
  • very similiar to πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν (p.351)
  • Contract Verb forms are regular (27.7)
• Paradigm of Present Middle/Passive Particple (27.11)
  • same as any 2-1-2 ending adjective, once you know the particple morpheme
• Translation of Participles: Discover Aspect, then Voice, then Meaning.

Quiz on Chapter 27 – Present Adverbial Participles

Aorist Adverbial Participles

• Indicates Simple or Undefined aspect
  • Time is not absolute, but relative to the action of the main verb
  • Indicates an action that has simply occurred (simple aspect) at the time of the action of the main verb
  • Translate with “after…” e.g. “after studying, he took the test” (See 28.17)
• Built upon the (unaugmented) Aorist tense stem
  • the tense stem is unaugmented, since participles do not have absolute time, hence there can be no temporal augment
• 1st Aorist: Tense stem + Tense Formative + Participle morpheme + Case endings (28.4)
  • 1st Aorist Active paradigm (28.6)
    • like πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν
  • 1st Aorist Middle paradigm (28.8)
  • 1st Aorist Passive paradigm (28.9)
• 2nd Aorist: Tense stem + Connecting Vowel + Participle morpheme + Case endings (28.10)
  • 2nd Aorist Active paradigm (28.11)
    • looks just like Present Active Particple, except for the stem, e.g. βάλλοντες (Present) cf. βάλοντες (Aorist)
  • 2nd Aorist Middle paradigm (28.12)
    • looks just like Present Middle/Passive Particple, except for the stem.
  • 2nd Aorist Passive paradigm (28.13)
  • Knowing your verbal root is critical – Review and work through 28.15

• Note Rules of Accent in paradigms
• Future Partiples (28.18)
  • express what is purposed, intended or expected
  • occurs rarely (12 times in NT)
  • form are obvious

Master Participle Chart (Mounce p.357)

Workbook Exercise # 28

New Vocabulary

Scripture Memory for next week

Romans 3.21 – Νυνὶ δὲ χωρὶς νόμου δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ πεφανέρωται μαρτυρουμένη ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν

Exegetical Insight

Assignments

• Weekly Memorization: Romans 3.21
• Complete workbook exercise 28
• Prepare for quiz next week on chapter 28 – Aorist Adverbial Participles
  • Know the Master Participle Chart
  • All vocabulary
  • Translation from Workbook exercises
  • Any of the memory passages
• Study chapter 29 on Adjectival Participles
• Begin workbook exercise 29 on the same
• Review all 6 principal parts for all verbs to date, also check Lexical Aids, Appendix IV
• Continue your life habit of reading Greek aloud from the Greek New Testament
• Continue taking your Greek NT to church with you, and follow along as you are able

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.