The Eight Noun Rules (Mounce, p. 344)

1. Stems ending in α,η are 1st declension, stems ending in o are 2nd, consonantal stems are 3rd
   
   
2. Neuters are always the same in Nominative and Accusative
   
   
3. Almost all neuter plurals end in -α
   
   
4. Iota always subscripts in Dative singular, if possible (not possible in 3rd declension, since iota only subscripts under vowels)
   
   
5. Vowels often change their length (Ablaut)
   
   
6. Masculine and Neuter always the same in Genitive and Dative

7. The Square of Stops (Mounce p. 83)

   	Voiceless	Voiced	Aspirate	With Sigma
   Labials	π	β	φ	+ σ => ψ
   Velars(Palatals)	κ	γ	χ	+ σ => ξ
   Dentals	τ	δ	θ	+ σ => σσ => σ

   
   
   
8. Tau cannot stand at the end of a word, and will drop off (ντ + ς = ς)

Master Case Ending Chart (Mounce p.343)

Master Verb Chart (Mounce p.356)

Master Verb Ending Chart (Mounce p.354)

• Download and review Verb Paradigms Chart from GKNT.ORG

Think and Ask Questions – Seek to understand why

Scripture Memory for the week

John 14.6 – λέγει αὐτῷ Ἰησοῦς· ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ ζωή· οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸν πατέρα εἰ μὴ δι᾿ ἐμοῦ.

Introduction to Participles

• Participles are verbal adjectives, having characteristics of both verbs and adjectives
  • in English, we form participles by adding -ing to a verb, e.g. in English reading, praying, working, playing sleeping
  • As Verbs
    • participles have Tense (Present, Aorist, Perfect) and Voice (Active, Middle, Passive, Deponent) (26.10-26.11)
    • if a verb is deponent, its participle will be also
    • Participles are usually negated by μή rather than ὀυ since ὀυ negates the indicative, and participles are not indicative
    • No personal endings, since particples are not limited by a subject (26.16)
  • Ad Adjectives
    • like all adjectives, participles agree with what they modify in what? Case, Gender and Number (26.12)
    • The subject of a participle can be discovered by what seeing what it agrees with in the sentence (26.13)
  • Hence Participles have both tense and case
  • Parse: Case, Gender, Number, Tense, Voice, “Participle”, Lexical Form, Inflected Meaning (26.17)
    • e.g. λύοντες: Present Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Plural of λύω, “loosing”
    • Participle is not technically a “Mood”
• The modifiers of a participle (direct object, adverbs, prepositional phrases) make up the participial phrase (26.3, 26.14)
  • e.g. “reading the book” “praying earnestly” “working hard for a living” etc.
  • in translation, it is important to clearly demarcate the beginning and the end of participial phrase, since it will function in the sentence as a whole unit
  • as with other syntactical elements, so with participles, English relies on word order, Greek on inflection, l elements (26.4, 26.13)
• Greek is very fond of participles – they are used far more in Greek than in English, and often strung together where we would use compound sentences
  • We will be studying participles for the next 5 chapters
  • grammar in this chapter
  • forms and uses in following chapters (26.18)
  • participles follow normal 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension endings for adjectives
• As verbal adjectives, participles can be used either adverbially or adjectivally – 26.2
  • Adverbial – the action of the participle is directed toward the verb
  • Adjectival – modifies a noun or pronoun
  • Give some examples in English of participles used adverbially and adjectivally “While studying…” “Sitting in the chair”
  • Whether a participle is adverbial or adjectival is determined by? ... Context.
  • English gerunds – participles functioning as nouns, e.g. “Knowing God is our highest aim.”
  • Greek does not have a gerund distinct from the participle, instead Greek uses the articular infinitive, e.g “To know God is our highest aim”
• Formation
  • participles can be built on any verb
  • the participle morpheme (smallest unit of meaning in word formation) is ντ
• ASPECT
  • This is the essence of the Greek participle, the key to understanding
  • Remember the Greek verb tense includes both the ideas of time and aspect
  • The tense of the participle indicates its aspect, not the time the action occurs
    • Present: Continuous
    • Aorist: Undefined
    • Perfect: Completed

Workbook Review # 5

Assignments

• Weekly Memorization: John 14.6
• Prepare for quiz next week on chapter 26 on Participles
• Study chapter 27 on Present Adverbial Participles
• Begin workbook exercise 27 on the same
• Review all 6 principal parts for all verbs to date
• Continue your life habit of reading Greek aloud from the Greek New Testament
• Lexical Aids: Appendix II pp 79-85 on compound verbs. Part I pp.1-10 – make sure you know all words with NT occurrences > 150. Pay special attentive to the derivatives
• Continue taking your Greek NT to church with you, and follow along as you are able

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.