Demonstratives – See Smyth on Demonstrative Pronouns

• Demonstrative pronouns are the same in Greek as in English: “this/these”, “that/those”
• Greek has two main demonstratives, though there are others:
  • The proximate (near) demonstrative: οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο (“this, these”)
  • The remote (far) demonstrative: ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο (“that, those”)
• Both follow normal 2-1-2 pattern for adjectives
  • Neuter Singular, Nominative and Accusative forms have no endings, e.g αὐτό
• Like any adjective, demonstratives can be either:
  • Substantival (“This is your book.”) pronoun.
  • Adjectival (“That book is yours.”) adjective. misleading.
• They behave for the most part just like you would expect pronouns and adjectives to behave, e.g.
  • When functioning as a pronoun, case is determined by function in sentence, gender and number are determined by its antecedent, like any other pronoun
  • When functioning as an adjective, case, gender and number are determined by agreement with noun it modifies, like any other adjective.
  • Exception: when adjectival, demonstratives are attributive in sense, but do not use the article
    • You could technically say that they are in the predicate position (like Mounce), but this is a little misleading
    • They do not take the article because demonstratives are implicitly definite, and hence need no article
    • Using the article would be awkward as well as redundant, e.g. τὸ τοῦτο (“the this thing”)
• When used as pronouns, they can function as personal pronouns, e.g. οὗτος ἔσται μέγας (“He will be great..”)

The Vocative Case

• Case of Direct Address, from Latin voco, vocare – to call, summon
• Usually easily discernible by context
• In plural, form is always same as Nominative
• Singular forms
  • 1st declension: same as nominative, e.g. ἀδελφή
  • 2nd declension: step + epsilon, e.g. διδάσκαλε
  • 3rd declinsion: (usually) stem with no ending, e.g. πόλι – the stem vowel sometimes changes (ablaut)

Degrees of Adjective

• Postitive, e.g. μέγας (“large”)
• Comparative, e.g. μείζων (“larger”)
• Superlative, e.g. μέγιστος (“largest”)

Crasis

• When two words “crash” together, e.g. κἀγώ

Review New Vocabulary

Assignments

• Continue to read Greek from the Greek New Testament
• Complete workbook exercise 13 on Demonstratives
• Read and study chapter 14 on Relative Pronouns
• Note: 1 more quiz before the Final Exam for the semester (on 13)
• Prepare for quiz on chapter 13
  • Understand the Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjectives
  • All vocabulary to date
  • Ensure that know all the 8 Noun Rules
  • Be able to parse all 3rd declension nouns we have encountered

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.