Semester 1, Lecture 8: 1st and 2nd Personal Pronouns

“χαῖρε μαθηταί”

Review and Addenda

  • Review Workbook exercise 10
  • Review Case Endings

Master Case Ending Chart (Mounce p.343)

First / Second Declension Third Declension
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masc / Fem Neuter
           
Nom Sg ς - ν ς / - -
Gen Sg υ ς υ ος ος
Dat Sg ι ι ι ι ι
Acc Sg ν ν ν α / ν -
           
Nom Pl ι ι α ες α
Gen Pl ων ων ων ων ων
Dat Pl ις ις ις σι(ν) σι(ν)
Acc Pl υς ς α ας α
  • Review Noun Rules

The Eight Noun Rules (Mounce, p. 344)

  1. Stems ending in α,η are 1st declension, stems ending in o are 2nd, consonantal stems are 3rd

  2. Neuters are always the same in Nominative and Accusative

  3. Almost all neuter plurals end in -α

  4. Iota always subscripts in Dative singular, if possible (not possible in 3rd declension, since iota only subscripts under vowels)

  5. Vowels often change their length (Ablaut)

  6. Masculine and Neuter always the same in Genitive and Dative

  7. The Square of Stops (Mounce p. 83)

    Voiceless Voiced Aspirate With Sigma
    Labials π β φ + σ => ψ
    Velars(Palatals) κ γ χ + σ => ξ
    Dentals τ δ θ + σ => σσ => σ


  8. Tau cannot stand at the end of a word, and will drop off (ντ + ς = ς)
  • Review Categories of Adjectives
    • 2-1-2 – ἀγαθός, -ή, -όν
    • 3-1-3 – πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν
    • 2-2 – αἰώνιος, ον
    • 3-3 – τίς, τί
  • Review paradigms of πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν and τίς, τί
  • Review Rules of Accent – See Smyth on Accents

Pronouns – See Smyth on Pronouns

  • Definition: same as in English, a word that replaces a noun
  • Case is determined by function in sentence, just like nouns and substantival adjectives
  • Person and Number are determined its antecedent (the noun to which the pronoun refers)
  • 1st and 2nd personal pronouns (I, you) have no gender
  • Note that English pronouns are still rather inflected (I,my,me,we,our,us; you,your,you,you,your,you)

More 3rd Declension

  • Stems in tau and delta (dentals) – follow the same pattern, apply the same rules (Case ending paradigm, Noun rules)
    • e.g. dentals (τ,δ,θ) drop out before σ ending (nominative singular, dative plural)
  • Consonantal iota stems –
    • iota was once also consonantal
    • these kind of words, e.g. πίστις, will have stems which end either in ι or ε
    • they are always feminine
  • Paradigms of μήτηρ and πατήρ

Review New Vocabulary

Assignments

  • Continue to read Greek from the Greek New Testament
  • Complete workbook exercise 11 on 1st and 2nd Personal Pronouns
  • Read and study chapter 12 on αὐτός
  • Prepare for quiz on chapter 11
    • Memorize 1st and 2nd person pronoun paradigms
    • Ensure that you know the complete Case Ending Paradigm
    • Ensure that know all the 8 Noun Rules
    • Be able to parse all 3rd declension nouns we have encountered

Excerpt form the Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.

χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη,   Διδάσκαλος Ἀνδρέας Ἀέρος     :-)