Semester 1, Lecture 7: 3rd Declension

“χαῖρε μαθηταί”

Review and Addenda

  • Return and review mid-term exam.
  • Review Rules of Accent – See Smyth on Accents

The Eight Noun Rules (Mounce, p. 344)

  1. Stems ending in α,η are 1st declension, stems ending in o are 2nd, consonantal stems are 3rd

  2. Neuters are always the same in Nominative and Accusative

  3. Almost all neuter plurals end in -α

  4. Iota always subscripts in Dative singular, if possible (not possible in 3rd declension, since iota only subscripts under vowels)

  5. Vowels often change their length (Ablaut)

  6. Masculine and Neuter always the same in Genitive and Dative

  7. The Square of Stops (Mounce p. 83)

    Voiceless Voiced Aspirate With Sigma
    Labials π β φ + σ => ψ
    Velars(Palatals) κ γ χ + σ => ξ
    Dentals τ δ θ + σ => σσ => σ


  8. Tau cannot stand at the end of a word, and will drop off (ντ + ς = ς)

3rd Declension – See Smyth on 3rd Declension

Master Case Ending Chart (Mounce p.343)

First / Second Declension Third Declension
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masc / Fem Neuter
           
Nom Sg ς - ν ς / - -
Gen Sg υ ς υ ος ος
Dat Sg ι ι ι ι ι
Acc Sg ν ν ν α / ν -
           
Nom Pl ι ι α ες α
Gen Pl ων ων ων ων ων
Dat Pl ις ις ις σι(ν) σι(ν)
Acc Pl υς ς α ας α
  • How to find the stem: drop genitive singular ending, e.g. σαρκος – ος = σαρκ
  • How consonant stems combine with sigma (nominative and dative singular)- Square of Stops
    • nu and tau drop out when followed by sigma (ντ + ς = ς)

  • The Square of Stops (Mounce p. 83)

    Voiceless Voiced Aspirate With Sigma
    Labials π β φ + σ => ψ
    Velars(Palatals) κ γ χ + σ => ξ
    Dentals τ δ θ + σ => σσ => σ
  • All 3rd declension nouns whose stems end in -μα are neuter, e.g. πνεῦμα, -ατος, τό

Categories of Adjectives

  • 2-1-2 – ἀγαθός, -ή, -όν
  • 3-1-3 – πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν
  • 2-2 – αἰώνιος, ον
  • 3-3 – τίς, τί

Learn New Vocabulary

Assignments

  • Continue to read Greek from the Greek New Testament
  • Complete workbook exercise 10 on 3rd Declension
  • Read and study chapter 11 on Personal Pronouns
  • Prepare for quiz on chapter 10
    • Memorize the complete Case Ending Paradigm
    • Know all the 8 Noun Rules
    • Know the Square of Stops – how sigma combines with different endings
    • Know how to find 3rd declension stems
    • Be able to parse 3rd declension nouns
    • Know the 4 categories of adjectives
    • Memorize 3-1-3 adjective paradigm of πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.

χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη,   Διδάσκαλος Ἀνδρέας Ἀέρος     :-)