The Eight Noun Rules (Mounce, p. 344)

1. Stems ending in α,η are 1st declension, stems ending in o are 2nd, consonantal stems are 3rd
   
   
2. Neuters are always the same in Nominative and Accusative
   
   
3. Almost all neuter plurals end in -α
   
   
4. Iota always subscripts in Dative singular, if possible (not possible in 3rd declension, since iota only subscripts under vowels)
   
   
5. Vowels often change their length (Ablaut)
   
   
6. Masculine and Neuter always the same in Genitive and Dative

7. The Square of Stops (Mounce p. 83)

   	Voiceless	Voiced	Aspirate	With Sigma
   Labials	π	β	φ	+ σ => ψ
   Velars(Palatals)	κ	γ	χ	+ σ => ξ
   Dentals	τ	δ	θ	+ σ => σσ => σ

   
   
   
8. Tau cannot stand at the end of a word, and will drop off (ντ + ς = ς)

Adjectives – See Smyth on Adjectives

• Three functions of adjectives
  • Attributive – tells something about the word it modifies
    • the normal and most common use
    • the term modified is called the “head” term
    • Always agrees with nouns it modifies in case, gender and number, just like the article
    • Attributive position – follows the article, e.g.
      • 1st attributive position: ὁ ἀγαθός ἄνθρωπος
      • 2nd attributive position: ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἀγαθός (“the man, the good one”)
      • 3rd attributive position: ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἀγαθός
    • But, if you see the article, but there is no noun to modify, then the adjective is…
  • Substantival – an adjective used as a noun. Does not modify anything.
    • Acts exactly like a noun, hence it’s function in the sentence is determined by its case
    • Examples:
      • “The diligent will succeed.”
      • See Exegetical Insight, chapter 9, for example
      • τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς or ταῖς ἀγαθαῖς
      • πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι ἔσονται
    • Use of prepositional phrase with the article (9.14)
  • Predicate – asserts something about (predicates) the subject
    • Adjective is anarthrous (no article)
    • Used in Predicate Nominative construction
    • Verb to be is always present: explicitly or implicitly (stated or implied)
    • Predicate position – does not follow the article, e.g. ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀγαθός
• Occur in all 3 genders, just like the article – endings are very similar
• Nouns only have 1 gender, adjectives must have all 3 so they can modify any noun, e.g.
  • We must able to say “the good woman” ἡ ἀγαθή as well as “the good man” ὁ ἀγαθός
  • What use of the adjective are the above?
• Lexical Form: Nominative Masculine Singular, + the Nom. Fem. Sg ending, and Nom. Neut. Sg. ending.,
  • e.g. ἀγαθός, -ή, -όν
  • please correct 9.7 on p.65. Mounce follows this when he gives vocabulary
• 2-ending adjectives e.g. αἰώνιος, -ον – the first ending is either masculine or feminine, determined by what it modifies.

New Vocabulary

• Lexical Form of adjectives

Translation and Parsing

Assignments

• Continue to read Greek from the Greek New Testament
• Workbook exercise 9 on Adjectives, and Review #2 on on chapters 6-9
• How to prepare for mid-term exam next week covering chapters 1-9
  • At least 1/2 of the quiz will be translation and parsing
  • Use Review #2 as a trial test.
  • Redo translation and parsing exercises in workbook
  • Parse random words in your translations.
  • Review quizzes, and workbook exercises, esp. translation
  • Know all paradigms
  • Vocabulary – make sure you memorize the full lexical forms, know all the meanings for prepositions.
  • Know the Noun rules

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.