Generic Grammar

• Prepositions – why are they so-called? “Pre – position”, viz. they come immediately before their object.
  • States relationship between 2 two words, e.g. “he is under the table”
  • Spatially (under, over, beside, out of, away from) – See spatial representation of preposition on p. 339
  • Fuller diagram is here
  • Temporally (before, after)
  • Logically (“on account of”, etc.)
  • Word immediately following is the “object” of the preposition

Greek Grammar

• Prepositions
  • Function the same as in English, i.e. states relationship between 2 two words, e.g. “he is under the table”
  • Not inflected (no changes in form, except for elision)
  • but the meaning is dependent upon the case of its object
  • must memorize all meanings separately, for prepositions which take more than one case, “_ with the _ means __” e.g.
    • διά + gen. = “through”
    • διά + acc. = “on account of”
  • case of words which are functioning as objects of preposition is due to what case the preposition takes for that meaning
  • case “keywords” do not apply to prepositions
  • Prepositional Phrases
    • must be considered distinct from the main subject / predicate
    • often omit article, may be supplied in translation
• Dependent clauses
  • cannot stand alone
  • will never contain main subject and verb in sentence
  • introduced by ἵνα and ὅτι
• εἰμί and predicate nominatives
  • Study of verbs next semester, chapter 15
  • Verbs have stems, and endings (the inflection of verbs is called its “conjugation”)
  • Verbs must agree with their subject in person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular, plural).
  • Memorize present indicative of verb to be, εἰμί 8.12, p. 58
  • Movable nu
• Predicate Nominative – predicate with verb of being. Predicate takes no action, but tell you something about the subject,
  • e.g. “Ιησοῦς κυριός ἐστιν.” (note enclitic, and movaable nu)

The Eight Noun Rules (Mounce, p. 344)

1. Stems ending in α,η are 1st declension, stems ending in o are 2nd, consonantal stems are 3rd
   
   
2. Neuters are always the same in Nominative and Accusative
   
   
3. Almost all neuter plurals end in -α
   
   
4. Iota always subscripts in Dative singular, if possible (not possible in 3rd declension, since iota only subscripts under vowels)
   
   
5. Vowels often change their length (Ablaut)
   
   
6. Masculine and Neuter always the same in Genitive and Dative

7. The Square of Stops (Mounce p. 83)

   	Voiceless	Voiced	Aspirate	With Sigma
   Labials	π	β	φ	+ σ => ψ
   Velars(Palatals)	κ	γ	χ	+ σ => ξ
   Dentals	τ	δ	θ	+ σ => σσ => σ

   
   
   
8. Tau cannot stand at the end of a word, and will drop off (ντ + ς = ς)

Exegetical Insight

Translation and Parsing

Assignments

• Continue to read Greek from the Greek New Testament
• Workbook exercise 8 on Prepositions and εἰμί
• Prepare for quiz next week on everything through chapter 8, specifically:
  • Use of prepositions, and prepositional phrases
  • Paradigm of εἰμί
  • Functions and key words for all cases. (p.342)
  • Complete paradigms for case endings and definite article
  • Six noun rules
  • Full lexical form
  • Parsing
• Read and study chapter 9 on Adjectives.
• Review chapters 1-9 – Mid-term Exam in 2 weeks

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.