Greek Grammar

• Chart of all Greek cases on p. 342
• Complete lexical form: nominative singular, genitive singular ending, definite article

Genitive Case

• Functions: Possession, et al. (see p.342)
• Key Words: “of”
• Masculine and Neuter always the same
• Plural is always ῶν
• alpha declension nouns, with stems in alpha, will change to eta in genitive and dative singular, unless preceded by ε,ι,ρ (7.14)
• Genitive singular often looks like Accusative plural, e.g. ὥρας When would this not be true? See above.

Dative Case

• Functions: Indirect Object, et al. (see p. 342)
• Key Words: ‘to’ ‘with’ ‘in’ et al.
• As Indirect Object, answers question “to whom” or “to what”
• Iota is always present, subscripts in the singular
• In singular, vowel stem lengthens, and iota subscripts:
  • (α,η) -» ῃ
  • ο -» ῳ
• Masculine and Neuter always the same

Paradigms – must be learned by heart

• Case endings
• Definite Article

The Eight Noun Rules (Mounce, p. 344)

1. Stems ending in α,η are 1st declension, stems ending in o are 2nd, consonantal stems are 3rd
   
   
2. Neuters are always the same in Nominative and Accusative
   
   
3. Almost all neuter plurals end in -α
   
   
4. Iota always subscripts in Dative singular, if possible (not possible in 3rd declension, since iota only subscripts under vowels)
   
   
5. Vowels often change their length (Ablaut)
   
   
6. Masculine and Neuter always the same in Genitive and Dative

7. The Square of Stops (Mounce p. 83)

   	Voiceless	Voiced	Aspirate	With Sigma
   Labials	π	β	φ	+ σ => ψ
   Velars(Palatals)	κ	γ	χ	+ σ => ξ
   Dentals	τ	δ	θ	+ σ => σσ => σ

   
   
   
8. Tau cannot stand at the end of a word, and will drop off (ντ + ς = ς)

Exegetical Insight

δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκίας.

• ΕΝΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙΣΕΥΔΟΚΙΑ or ΕΝΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙΣΕΥΔΟΚΙΑΣ
• difference of a single sigma.
• a single letter made a huge difference at the 1st Ecumenical Council of Nicea also: The word ΟΜΟΟΥΣΙΟΣ means “same substance”, whereas the word ΟΜΟΙΟΥΣΙΟΣ means “similar substance”.

Assignments

• Continue to read Greek from the Greek New Testament
• Workbook exercise 7 on Genitive and Dative cases
• Prepare for quiz next week on everything through chapter 7, specifically:
  • Functions and key words for all cases. (p.342)
  • Complete paradigms for case endings and relative pronoun
  • Six noun rules
  • Full lexical form
  • Parsing
• Read and study chapter 8 on Prepositions.

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου·
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου,
   ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
   ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν,
   ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.