Perfect Participles

• This completes the Greek participle forms: Present, Aorist and Perfect
• The Perfect participle, acts like a perfect
  • indicates completed action, the results of which continue into the present…
  • as seen from the speaker’s perspective
• Formation
  • Perfect Active: Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem + Tense Formative + Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
    • 2nd Perfects (30.16) tense formative is ‘α’ instead of ‘κ’
  • Perfect Middle/Passive: Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem + Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
• Translation
  • “having…” of “after having…” depending on context
• Know the “first 6” and be able to recognize all the forms (30.6, 30.8)
• Easily identified by? The reduplication

Master Participle Chart (BBG p.357)

Genitive Absolutes (30.9)

• By definition, an ‘absolute’ (Lat. absolutus = ‘separated’) has no direct grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence.
  • In English, we have a similar construction, the ‘nominative absolute’ e.g. “Lord willing, we will arrive at noon.”
• It consists of a noun or pronoun, and participle in the genitive
  • the participle may have additional modifiers, like any other participial phrase, e.g. a direct object, adverbs, prepositional phrases et al.
  • occasionally the subject of the participial action is implicit in the participle, i.e. there is no noun or pronoun
• Genitive absolutes tend to occur at the beginning of sentences.
• αὐτοῦ (pronoun) often functions as subject in genitive absolute
• Translation (30.11)
  • Most genitive absolutes should be understood temporally
  • The time element of the participle is relative to the main verb
  • e.g. Present: αὐτοῦ ἐρχομένου – “(he) while coming”
  • e.g. Aorist: αὐτοῦ ἐλθόντος – “(he) after coming”
  • e.g. Perfect: αὐτοῦ λελυκότος – “(he) having loosed”
• Work through 30.13

Periphrastics (30.14)

• from περί + φράσισ = “round about” i.e. “a round about” way of saying something
• formed with ειμί + participle
• rare instance in Greek where a “helping verb” is used, which is common in English, e.g. “will eat” for future, “was hit” for passive, etc.
• tends to emphasize continuous aspect
• commonly used in 3rd person plural, Middle/Passive, e.g.
• See exegetical insight, as example: “ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι”

Exegetical Insight

Ephesians. 2.8 – Τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως· καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξ ὑμῶν, θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον·

Translation of Adverbial Participles

• Temporal – “while…” “after…”
• Causal – “because…”
• Instrumental (Means) – “by…”
• As regular verb
• Concession – “though…”

h4. Workbook Exercise # 30

New Vocabulary

• πρεσβύτερος

Scripture Memory for next class

No new passages this week. Review all previous passages: John 14.6, 2 Cor. 3.17, Rom. 3.21, Eph. 5.20
h4. Assignments

• Weekly Memorization: no new passage
• Complete workbook exercise 30
• Prepare for quiz next week on chapter 30 – Perfect Participles and Genitive Absolutes
• Prepare for mid-term exam in 2 weeks
  • Know the Master Participle Chart including the six first forms (now complete)
  • Summary of Greek participle on p.285
  • All vocabulary
  • Translation from Workbook exercises
  • Any of the memory passages
  • Study chapters 26-30 on Participles
  • Begin workbook review #6 – use to study for Exam in 2 weeks.
• Continue your life habit of reading Greek aloud from the Greek New Testament
• Continue taking your Greek NT to church with you, and follow along as you are able

The Lord’s Prayer

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου· ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου· γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.

χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη,   Διδάσκαλος Ἀνδρέας Ἀέρος     :-)